Comparison of the biaxial mechanical properties of excised endocardium and epicardium. Kang, T., J. D. Humphrey, and F. C. P. Yin. Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21228
APStracts 2:0503H, 1995.
A complete understanding of cardiac mechanics requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of each of the tissues that comprise the heart. Data and constitutive relations are available for the nonlinear multiaxial behavior of epicardium and non-contracting myocardium, but there have been no comparable results for endocardium. In this paper, we present biaxial mechanical data for endocardium and epicardium excised from the same bovine hearts. The data reveal that these two membranes behave differently: endocardium exhibits a greater stiffness in the low strain range. Moreover, quantification of endocardial behavior requires a 7 parameter polynomial-exponential pseudostrain-energy function w, whereas epicardium can be described by a 4 parameter exponential w. Comparison of our current findings with previous results on canine epicardium reveals further that canine and bovine epicardium behave similarly, though the latter is more extensible. Thus, there appears to be marked species differences.

Received 10 July 1995; accepted in final form 2 November 1995.
APS Manuscript Number H633-5.
Article publication pending Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiology).
ISSN 1080-4757 Copyright 1995 The American Physiological Society.
Published in APStracts on 30 November 95