APStracts (ISSN 1080-4757) Vol. 3, 1996

The American Physiological Society

• Expression of the na-k-2cl cotransporter, bsc2, in the nervous system. Plotkin, M. D., M. R. Kaplan, L. N. Peterson, S. R. Gullans, S. C. Hebert, and E. Delpire. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital APStracts 3:0300C, 1996.
• Activation of diacylglycerol in cultured endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain. Evans, Leigh, Lijubov Frenkel, Colleen M. Brophy, Oscar Rosales, Sai Sudhaker, Guangdi Li, Wei Du, Bauer E. Sumpio. Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT APStracts 3:0301C, 1996.
• Primary structure and evolution of the atp-binding domains of protozoan ion pumps: evidence for multiple isoforms of p-type atpases in tetrahymena thermophila . Wang, Shusheng, and Kunio Takeyasu. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Neurobiotechnology Center, Program of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA and Department of Natural Environment Sciences, Faculty of Integrated Human Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan APStracts 3:0302C, 1996.
• Cyclic-gmp stimulates sodium and chloride currents in rat tracheal airway epithelia. Schwiebert, Erik M., Elizabeth D. Potter, Tae-Ho Hwang, Jae Suk Woo, Changlin Ding, Weiping Qiu, William B. Guggino, Michael A. Levine, and Sandra E. Guggino. Divisions of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine; and Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 929 Ross Building, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Md. 21205 APStracts 3:0303C, 1996.
• Four-dimensional imaging of living chondrocytes in cartilage using confocal microscopy : a pragmatic approach. Errington, Rachel J., Mark D. Fricker, Julian L. Wood, Andrew C. Hall, and Nick S. White. Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 3PT, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB APStracts 3:0304C, 1996.
• Hydrogen peroxide activates glibenclamide sensitive k+ channels in llc-pk1 cells. Filipovic, Dragana M., and W. Brian Reeves. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the John L. McClellan Veterans Affairs Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72205 APStracts 3:0305C, 1996.
• Modulation of skeletal muscle ca 2+ release channel activity by sphingosine. Needleman, Dolores H., Bahman Aghdasi, Alexander B. Seryshev, George J. Schroepfer,jr. and Susan L. Hamilton. The Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,Tx,77030, the Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tx, 77030 and the Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Tx,77251 APStracts 3:0306C, 1996.
• Pertussis toxin, but not tyrosine kinase inhibitors, abolishes the effects of u50,488h on cytosolic ca2+ in myocytes. Sheng, Jian-Zhong, Nai Sum Wong, Hong-Xin Wang, and Tak Ming Wong. Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong APStracts 3:0307C, 1996.
• Urea inhibits nak2cl cotransport in medullary thick ascending limb cells. Kaji, Deepak M., J. Diaz, and John C Parker. Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, 10468 and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 APStracts 3:0308C, 1996.
• Regulation of colonic h,k-atpase in large intestine and kidney by dietary na depletion and dietary k depletion. Sangan, Pitchai, Vazhaikkurichi M. Rajendran, Andrea S. Mann, Michael Kashgarian, and Henry J. Binder. The Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA APStracts 3:0309C, 1996.
• Noninvasive measurement of phosphocreatine recovery kinetics in single human muscles. Walter, Glenn, Krista Vandenborne, Kevin K. McCully[acute]a, and John S. Leigh. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Radiology, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA APStracts 3:0310C, 1996.
• Volume-sensitive chloride current in pigmented ciliary epithelial cells: the role of phospholipases. Mitchell, Claire H., Jin Jun Zhang, Liwei Wang, and Tim J. C. Jacob. Eye Research Lab, Physiology Unit, School of Molecular and Medical Bioscience, University of Wales, Cardiff, CF1 3US, UK APStracts 3:0311C, 1996.
• Dual inhibitory effects of dopamine on na+ homeostasis in rat aorta smooth muscle cells. Borin, Mikhail L. Department of Physiology and the Center for Vascular Biology and Hypertension, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A. APStracts 3:0312C, 1996.
• Regulation of intracellular calcium oscillations in porcine tracheal smooth muscle cells. Prakash, Y. S., Mathur S. Kannan, and Gary C. Sieck. Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 APStracts 3:0313C, 1996.
• Dual role for aluminum fluoride-sensitive g proteins in the function of t84 epithelial cells: transport and barrier effects. Ries, J[umlaut]urgen, J[umlaut]urgen Stein, Alexis E. Traynor-Kaplan, and Kim E. Barrett. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92103 APStracts 3:0314C, 1996.
• Molecular cloning, functional expression and chromosomal localization of cdnas encoding a human na+/nucleoside cotransporter (hcnt1) . Ritzel, Mabel W. L., Sylvia Y. M. Yao, Mei-Yi Huang, John F. Elliott, Carol E. Cass, and James D. Young. Membrane Transport Group, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, Oncology and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7 APStracts 3:0315C, 1996.
• Characterization of renin activity in brown adipose tissue. Shenoy, Ujjwala, and Lisa Cassis. Division of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky, 40508 APStracts 3:0316C, 1996.
• Na,k-atpase a subunit containing q905-v930 of gastric h,k-atpase a preferentially assembles with h,k-atpase b. Wang, Shyang-Guang, Kurt A. Eakle, Robert Levenson, and Robert A. Farley. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, and (Department of Pharmacology, Milton S. Hershey Medical College, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033 APStracts 3:0317C, 1996.
• Camp stimulates cftr-like cl- channels and inhibits amiloride -sensitive na+ channels in mouse ccd cells. Letz, Bernd, and Christoph Korbmacher. Zentrum der Physiologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe -Universit[umlaut]at, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany APStracts 3:0318C, 1996.
• Properties of inward calcium current in guinea pig ureteral myocytes. Sui, J. L., and C. Y. Kao. Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11203 APStracts 3:0319C, 1996.
• Migratory abilities of different vascular cells from the tunica media of canine vessels. Seidel, Charles L., Thorunn Helgason, Julius C. Allen, and Campbell Wilson. Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences and Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, UK APStracts 3:0320C, 1996.
• Evidence that both delayed rectifier-type and transient-type k+ currents contribute to the voltage-dependent outward current of the rat megakaryocyte. Romero, Elkin, and Richard Sullivan. Medical Service, Houston VA Medical Center, and the Departments of Medicine and of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 APStracts 3:0321C, 1996.
• Effect of acidosis on control of respiration in skeletal muscle. Harkema, Susan J., and Ronald A. Meyer. Depts. of Physiology and Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 APStracts 3:0322C, 1996.
• Linear dependence of muscle phosphocreatine kinetics on oxidative capacity. Paganini, Anthony T., Jeanne M. Foley, and Ronald A. Meyer. Depts. of Physiology, Physical Education and Exercise Science and Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824 APStracts 3:0323C, 1996.
• Bastadins relate ryanodine-sensitive and ryanodine-insensitive ca2+ efflux pathways in skeletal sr and bc3h1 cells. Pessah, Isaac N., Tadeusz F. Molinski, Trena D. Meloy, Patty Wong, Edmond D. Buck, Paul D. Allen, and F. C. Mohr and Matthew M. Mack. Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, University of California Davis, CA 95616, and (Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Womenaes Hospital, Boston, MA 02147 APStracts 3:0324C, 1996.
• Modulation of maxi-k channels by voltage-dependent calcium channels and methacholine in single airway smooth muscle cells. Kotlikoff, Yong-Xiao Wang Bernd K. Fleischmann & Michael I. Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6046, U.S.A. APStracts 3:0325C, 1996.
• Reinterpretation of the ractk1 k+ channel. Shmukler, B., T. Sun, C. Brugnara, and S. L. Alper. Molecular Medicine and Renal Units, Beth Israel Hospital; Div. of Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital; Depts. of Medicine, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA APStracts 3:0326C, 1996.
• Intracellular acidosis activates c-src. Yamaji, Yasuyoshi, Hirohiko Tsuganezawa, Orson W. Moe, and Robert J. Alpern. Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Texas APStracts 3:0327C, 1996.
• Elevated cytosolic ca2+ is not required in purinergic-mediated inhibition of na,k-atpase in proximal tubule cells. Jin, Wenwu, and Ulrich Hopfer. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970 APStracts 3:0328C, 1996.
• Psoralens: novel modulators of cl- secretion. Devor, Daniel C., Ashvani K. Singh, Robert J. Bridges, and Raymond A. Frizzell. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 APStracts 3:0329C, 1996.
• Osmosensitivity of the hyperpolarization-activated chloride current in human intestinal t84 cells. Fritsch, Janine, and Aleksander Edelman. Laboratoire du Calcium et Tissu Osseux dans l'organisme en d[acute]eveloppement, CNRS URA 583, H[circumflex]opital des Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biophysique des Syst[grave]emes de Transport, INSERM U. 323, C.H.U. Necker, 75015 Paris, France APStracts 3:0330C, 1996.
• Thrombin modulates vectorial secretion of extracellular matrix proteins in cultured endothelial cells. Papadimitriou, Evangelia, Vangelis G. Manolopoulos, G. Thomas Hayman, Michael E. Maragoudakis, Brian R. Unsworth, John W. Fenton Ii, and Peter I. Lelkes. Marquette University, Dept. of Biology, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; New York State Department of Health, Albany, N.Y., Wadworth Center for Laboratories and Research, and University of Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee Clinical Campus, Milwaukee, WI, USA APStracts 3:0331C, 1996.
• Osmotic regulation of amino acids and system a transport in madin -darby canine kidney cells. Horio, Masaru, Atsushi Yamauchi, Toshiki Moriyama, Enyu Imai, and Yoshimasa Orita. Department of Clinical Laboratory Science,School of Allied Health Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565, Japan APStracts 3:0332C, 1996.
• Multiple equilibria of cations with metabolites in muscle bioenergetics. Kushmerick, Martin J. Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA APStracts 3:0333C, 1996.
• Cyclic nucleotide gated cation channels mediate sodium absorption by inner medullary collecting duct (mimcd-k2) cells. Vandorpe, David H., Flora Ciampolillo, Ryan B. Green, and Bruce A. Stanton. Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, 03755 APStracts 3:0334C, 1996.
• Activation of an amiloride sensitive conductance by the apical adenosine receptor in a human intestinal cell line. Bouritius, Hetty, and Jack A. Groot. GRADUATE SCHOOL NEUROSCIENCES AMSTERDAM, INSTITUTE OF NEUROBIOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL FACULTY, UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM, KRUISLAAN 320, 1098 SM AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS APStracts 3:0335C, 1996.
• Mechanism of anion permeation in the basolateral membrane of isolated rabbit renal proximal tubule s3 segment. Seki, George, Hideomi Yamada, Shigeo Taniguchi, Shu Uwatoko, Keiji Suzuki, and Kiyoshi Kurokawa. First Dept. of Internal Medicine, Tokyo University School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan; and Health Service Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumicho, Fuchu city, Tokyo 183, Japan APStracts 3:0336C, 1996.
• Activation of the ubiquitin pathway in rat skeletal muscle by catabolic doses of glucocorticoids. Auclair;, Daniel, Dominique R. Garrel; A. Chaouki Zerouala; Louis H. Ferland. Centre de Recherche, H[circumflex]otel-Dieu de Montr[acute]eal, Montr[acute]eal, QC, Canada H2W 1T8, D[acute]epartement de nutrition (D.A., D.R.G. L.H.F.), Universit[acute]e de Montr[acute]eal, Montr[acute]eal, QC, Canada APStracts 3:0337C, 1996.
• Evidence for a calmodulin-dependent phospholipase a2 which inhibits the na,k-atpase. Okafor, M. C., R. J. Schiebinger, and D. R. Yingst. Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201 APStracts 3:0338C, 1996.
• Mechanism of vasopressin-induced increase in intracellular ca2+ ([ ob]ca2+]i) in llc-pk1 porcine kidney cells. Dibas, Adnan I., S. Mehdi Rezazadeh, Ranga Vassan, Abdul J. Mia, and Thomas Yorio. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX. 76107, Jarvis Christian College, Hawkins, TX. 75765 APStracts 3:0339C, 1996.
• Reversible blockade of gap junctional communication by 2, 3 -butanedione monoxime (bdm) in rat cardiac myocytes. Verrecchia, F., and J. C. Herv[acute]e. Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Unit[acute]e de Recherche Associ[acute]ee au CNRS n degrees 1869, 40, avenue du R. Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France APStracts 3:0340C, 1996.
• Cd40 inhibits b cell apoptosis by upregulating bcl-xl expression and blocking oxidant accumulation. Fang, Wei, Karl A. Nath, Matthew F. Mackey, Randolph J. Noelle, Daniel L. Mueller, and Timothy W. Behrens. Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 and the #Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756 APStracts 3:0341C, 1996.
• Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase ca in cytosolic pla2 activation by bradykinin in madin-darby canine kidney-d1 cells. Xing, Mingzhao, Ling Tao, and Paul A. Insel. Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine 0636, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636 APStracts 3:0342C, 1996.
• Birth induces rapid increases in mitochondrial oxidative enzymes and na-k-atpase in proximal convoluted tubule of rat nephron. Wijkhuisen, A., F. Djouadi, J. Vilar, C. Merlet-Benichou, and J. Bastin. INSERM U.319, Universit[acute]e Paris 7, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 05, France APStracts 3:0343C, 1996.
• Nh4cl activates ae2 anion exchanger in xenopus oocytes at acidic phi. Humphreys, Benjamin D., Marina N. Chernova, Lianwei Jiang, Yun Zhang, and Seth L. Alper. Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Medicine and Renal Units, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 APStracts 3:0344C, 1996.
• Fatty acid modulation of k+ channels in taste receptor cells: gustatory cues for dietary fat. Gilbertson, Timothy A., D. Troy Fontenot, Lidong Liu, Huai Zhang & W. Todd Monroe. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70808-4124, USA APStracts 3:0345C, 1996.
• Chondrocytes in the endochondral growth cartilage are not hypoxic. Shapiro, Irving M., Kyle D. Mansfield, Sydney M. Evans, Edith M. Lord, and Cameron J. Koch. Schools of Dental Medicine (Department of Biochemistry), Veterinary Medicine (Clinical Studies) and Medicine (Radiation Oncology), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, University of Rochester Cancer Center, Rochester NY APStracts 3:0346C, 1996.
• Cellular mechanism of aminoglycoside tolerance in long-term gentamicin treatment. Sundin, David P., Chris Meyer, Rolf Dahl, Alison Geerdes, Ruben Sandoval, and Bruce A. Molitoris. Renal Epithelial Biology Experimental Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the Veteran Affairs Medical Centers in Denver, CO and Indianapolis, IN APStracts 3:0347C, 1996.
• Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates na+-h+ exchange in thyroid frtl -5 cells. T[diaeresis]ornquist, Kid. Department of Biosciences, Division of Animal Physiology, University of Helsinki, and the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland APStracts 3:0348C, 1996.
• Fgf induces transfected bck promoter driven expression in skeletal muscle by specifically increasing binding affinity of a nuclear protein. Kim, Lucy, Amy Steves, Margaret Collins, Jenny Fu, and Michael E. Ritchie. Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0542 and Division of Cardiology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 APStracts 3:0349C, 1996.
• Volume regulation in nih3t3 fibroblasts not expressing p -glycoprotein. ii. chloride and amino acid fluxes. Mor[acute]an, J., D. Miranda, C. Pe[tilde]na-Segura, and H. Pasantes -Morales. Institute of Cell Physiology, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico APStracts 3:0350C, 1996.
• Volume regulation in nih3t3 fibroblasts non expressing p -glycoprotein. i. regulatory volume decrease. Pasantes-Morales, H., R. S[acute]anchez Olea, D. Miranda, and J. Mor[acute]an. Institute of Cell Physiology, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico APStracts 3:0351C, 1996.
• Stem cell factor alters membrane potential of purified peritoneal mast cells in culture. Wang, Yu Hua, Vay Liang W. Go, S. Vincent Wu, and Jen Yu Wei. Dept. of Med. & Brain Res. Inst., School of Medicine, and CURE: Digestive Diseases Res. Ctr., VA Wadsworth Med. Ctr., UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA APStracts 3:0352C, 1996.
• Inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate specifically inhibits a receptor-mediated, ca2+-dependent cl- current in cfpac-1 cells. Ho, Melisa W. Y., Stephen B. Shears, Karol S. Bruzik, Marek Duszyk, and Andrew S. French. Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., Chicago Illinois 60516; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7 APStracts 3:0353C, 1996.
• Protein kinase c and insulin regulation of red blood cell na+/h+ exchange. Ceolotto, Giulio, Paul Conlin, Giulio Clari, Andrea Semplicini, and Mitzy Canessa. Endocrine Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Departments of Clinical Medicine and Biochemistry, University of of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy and Departamento de Biolog[acute]ia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile APStracts 3:0354C, 1996.
• Calcium removal kinetics of the sarcoplasmic reticulum atpase in skeletal muscle. Getz, Elise E. Burmeister, and Steven L. Lehman. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, Department of Human Biodynamics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and UCB/UCSF Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and San Francisco, California, 94143 APStracts 3:0355C, 1996.
• Effects of extracellular atp on ion transport and intracellular ca2+ in mongolian gerbil middle ear epithelium. Furukawa, Masayuki, Katsuhisa Ikeda, Mutsuo Yamaya, Takeshi Oshima, Hidetada Sasaki and Tomonori Takasaka. Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Geriatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan APStracts 3:0356C, 1996.
• Effects of arachidonic acid on a-type potassium currents in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig. Nagano, Norihiro, Yuji Imaizumi, and Minoru Watanabe. Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacological Science, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori, Mizuhoku, Nagoya 467, Japan APStracts 3:0357C, 1996.
• Myosin isoform expression and force generation in cultured resistance arteries. Ishibashi, Katsuhiko, and Richard D. Bukoski. Section of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology & Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1065 APStracts 3:0358C, 1996.
• A possible role of inwardly rectifying k+ channels in chick myoblast differentiation. Shin, Ki Soon, Jae-Yong Park, Hyockman Kwon, Chin Ha Chung, and Man -Sik Kang. Department of Molecular Biology and Research Center for Cell Differentiation, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea APStracts 3:0359C, 1996.