Clinically Relevant Functional Neuroanatomy


Russell Bauer, Ph.D.
University of Florida-Gainesville, USA

Course Prerequisites:  

A course in Biology.  Some clinical training preferred, but not required.

Course Description:  

This course is designed as a review of major functional systems of the brain with an eye toward understanding the relationship between structure and function.  The course will consider major cortical regions responsible for higher cognitive functions, subcortical structures (focusing on the basal ganglia and limbic systems) and their connections, and will consider several clinical syndromes from the standpoint of damage to these regions and the larger systems in which they participate.  The course will review the functional neuroanatomy of memory, language, emotional behavior, perceptual function, and executive functions.  Throughout the course, basic principles will be accompanied by interactive "find the lesion" examples to highlight functional implications of lesions to key brain systems.

Reading List


Required and Recommended Readings
(* = required; # = recommended)

Textbooks

*Blumenfeld, H. (2002).  Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases.  Sunderland, MA:  Sinauer Associates. (entire book is recommended; Chapters 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 16, 18, 19 required)


*Tranel, D. (1992).  Functional neuroanatomy:  Neuropsychological correlates of cortical and subcortical damage.  In .S.C. Yudofsky, & R.E. Hales (Eds.), The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Neuropsychiatry, 2nd Ed., pp 57-88.Washington, DC:  American Psychiatric Press.


Vision

*Bauer, R.M., & Demery, J. (2003).  Agnosia.  In K.M. Heilman & E. Valenstein, (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology, 4th ed, pp. 236-295.  New York:  Oxford University Press.


*Maunsell, J.H.R., & Newsome, W.T. (1987).  Visual processing in monkey extrastriate cortex.  Annual Review of Neuroscience, 10, 363-401.


#Gatass, R., Nascimiento-Silva, S., Soares, J.G.M., et al. (2005).  Cortical visual areas in monkeys:  location, topography, connections, columns, plasticity, and cortical dynamics.  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 360(1456), 709-731.  pdf


Memory


*Bauer, R.M., Grande, L., & Valenstein, E. (2003)  Amnesic disorders.  In K.M Heilman & E. Valenstein, (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology, 4th Ed., pp. 495-573.  New York:  Oxford University Press.


*Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (2000). Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. Journal of  Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(1), 1-47.


*Brand, M., & Markowitsch, H.J. (2003).  Amnesia:  Neuroanatomic and clinical issues.  In T.E. Feinberg & M.J. Farah, (Eds.), Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, 2nd Ed., pp. 431-443.  New York:  McGraw-Hill.


#Fletcher, P. C., Frith, C. D., & Rugg, M. D. (1997). The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory. Trends in Neuroscience, 20(5), 213-218.  pdf


#Van Hoesen, G. W. (1995). Anatomy of the medial temporal lobe. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 13(8), 1047-1055.  pdf


#Zola-Morgan, S., & Squire, L. R. (1993). Neuroanatomy of memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16, 547-563.



Language


*Alexander, M.P. (2003).  Aphasia:  Clinical and anatomic issues.  In T.E. Feinberg & M.J. Farah (Eds.), Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, pp. 147-164.  New York:  McGraw-Hill.


*Binder, J. R. (1997). Neuroanatomy of language processing studied with functional MRI. Clinical Neuroscience, 4(2), 87-94.


*Dominey, P. F., Hoen, M., Blanc, J. M., & Lelekov-Boissard, T. (2003). Neurological basis of language and sequential cognition: evidence from simulation, aphasia, and ERP studies. Brain and Language, 86(2), 207-225.  pdf


#Saffran, E.M. (2003).  Aphasia:  cognitive neuropsychological issues.  In T.E. Feinberg & M.J. Farah (Eds.), Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, pp. 165-178.  New York:  McGraw-Hill.


#Warburton, E., Price, C. J., Swinburn, K., & Wise, R. J. (1999). Mechanisms of recovery from aphasia: evidence from positron emission tomography studies. Journal of  Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 66(2), 155-161.  pdf



Emotion

*LaBar, K.S., & LeDoux, J.E. (2003). Emotion and the brain:  An overview.  In T.E. Feinberg & M.J. Farah (Eds.), Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, pp. 711-724.  New York:  McGraw-Hill.


*Murphy, F. C., Nimmo-Smith, I., & Lawrence, A. D. (2003). Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 3(3), 207-233.  pdf


*Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage, 16(2), 331-348.  pdf


*Reiman, E. M., Lane, R. D., Ahern, G. L., Schwartz, G. E., Davidson, R. J., Friston, K. J., et al. (1997). Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(7), 918-925.


#Sitoh, Y. Y., & Tien, R. D. (1997). The limbic system. An overview of the anatomy and its development. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, 7(1), 1-10.


#Van Eden, C. G., & Buijs, R. M. (2000). Functional neuroanatomy of the prefrontal cortex: autonomic interactions. Prog Brain Res, 126, 49-62.


#Weddell, R. A. (1994). Effects of subcortical lesion site on human emotional behavior. Brain Cogn, 25(2), 161-193.  pdf


#Zola-Morgan, S., Squire, L. R., Alvarez-Royo, P., & Clower, R. P. (1991). Independence of memory functions and emotional behavior: separate contributions of the hippocampal formation and the amygdala. Hippocampus, 1(2), 207-220.



Executive Functions

*Alexander, G.E., DeLong, M.R. & Strick, P.L. (1986).  Parallel organization of fnctionall segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex.  Annual Review of Neuroscience, 9, 357-381.


*Damasio, A.R., & Anderson, S.W. (2003).  The frontal lobes.  In K.M. Heliman & E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology, 4th ed.), pp. 404-446.  New York:  Oxford University Press.


*Miller, B.L., Benson, D.F., & Johnson, J.K. (2003).  Frontal lobes:  clinical and anatomical issues.  In T.E. Feinberg & M.J. Farah (Eds.), Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, pp. 385-392.  New York:  McGraw-Hill.